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<title>Gregory Chow</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gregory Chow</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Gregory Chow</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1930-12-25</span>) </span>December 25, 1930<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912-1949)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912-1949)">China</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Chinese, American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Lingnan_University_(Guangzhou)" title="Lingnan University (Guangzhou)">Lingnan University</a><br><a href="Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> (<a href="B._A." class="mw-redirect" title="B. A.">BA</a>)<br><a href="University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> (<a href="M._A." class="mw-redirect" title="M. A.">MA</a>, <a href="PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Econometrics" title="Econometrics">Econometrics</a>, <a href="Dynamical_system" title="Dynamical system">Dynamical economics</a>, <a href="Economy_of_China" title="Economy of China">Chinese economy</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a>, <a href="Econometrics" title="Econometrics">econometrics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen University</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br> <a href="Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> 1970–present<br> <a href="Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers</a> 1969<br> <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> 1967<br> <a href="Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia</a> 1965–1971<br> <a href="Thomas_J._Watson_Research_Center" title="Thomas J. Watson Research Center">Thomas J. Watson</a> 1962–1970 <br> <a href="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</a> 1955–1959 <br> <a href="Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a> 1952–1962,1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Arnold_Harberger" title="Arnold Harberger">Arnold Harberger</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

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<p><b>Gregory Chi-Chong Chow</b> (<a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">邹至庄</span>; <a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">鄒至莊</span>; <a href="Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zōu Zhìzhuāng</span></i>; born December 25, 1930) is a <a href="Chinese-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese-American">Chinese-American</a> <a href="Economist" title="Economist">economist</a> at <a href="Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> and <a href="Xiamen_University" title="Xiamen University">Xiamen University</a>. The <a href="Chow_test" title="Chow test">Chow test</a>, commonly used in <a href="Econometrics" title="Econometrics">econometrics</a> to test for <a href="Structural_break" title="Structural break">structural breaks</a>, was invented by him. He has also been influential in the <a href="Economic_policy" title="Economic policy">economic policy</a> of China, including being an adviser for the <a href="Council_for_Economic_Planning_and_Development" title="Council for Economic Planning and Development">Economic Planning and Development Council</a> of the <a href="Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a> in <a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and being an adviser for the Chinese <a href="National_Development_and_Reform_Commission" title="National Development and Reform Commission">State Commission for Restructuring the Economic System</a> on economic reform.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>Chow grew up in <a href="Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> in <a href="Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a> province in South China, one of seven children in a wealthy family, and in <a href="Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, where the family fled after the <a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">1937 Japanese invasion of China</a>. The family moved to <a href="Macao" class="mw-redirect" title="Macao">Macao</a> after the <a href="Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">1942 Japanese invasion of Hong Kong</a>, then back to Guangzhou at the end of World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernancke_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernancke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chow spent one year at <a href="Lingnan_University_(Guangzhou)" title="Lingnan University (Guangzhou)">Lingnan University</a> in Guangzhou, then finished his undergraduate work at <a href="Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. He entered graduate study in economics at the <a href="University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> in 1951. He did his 1955 dissertation there on the factors that determine the demand for automobiles, and in extending that work he developed the <a href="Chow_test" title="Chow test">Chow test</a> for determining the stability of regression coefficients across different data samples.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernancke_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernancke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>He subsequently was on the faculties of <a href="MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a> and then Cornell. He then worked at the IBM Thomas Watson Research Center while also advising the government of <a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>. In 1970 he joined the faculty at <a href="Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, until his retirement in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernancke_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernancke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was named fellow to the Econometric Society in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974 he was elected as a <a href="Fellow_of_the_American_Statistical_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the American Statistical Association">Fellow of the American Statistical Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as the chairman of the American Economic Association's Committee on Exchanges in Economics with the People's Republic of China between the years of 1981 and 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-princeton.edu_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-princeton.edu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a> in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chow's wife Paula K. Chow is the co-founder and director of the International Center at Princeton. The couple have two sons who are engineers and a daughter who is a radiologist.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernancke_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernancke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions">Contributions</h2></div>

<p>In addition to being the creator of the Chow test, Chow has done research on linear and nonlinear <a href="Simultaneous_equations_model" title="Simultaneous equations model">simultaneous equation systems</a>, full-information <a href="Maximum_likelihood_estimation" title="Maximum likelihood estimation">maximum likelihood estimation</a>, estimation with missing observations, estimation of <a href="Large-scale_macroeconometric_model" title="Large-scale macroeconometric model">large-scale macroeconometric models</a>, and modeling and forecasting with <a href="Time_series" title="Time series">time series</a> methods. He made major contributions to <a href="Optimal_control_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Optimal control theory">optimal control theory</a> and its application to <a href="Stochastic_control" title="Stochastic control">stochastic economic systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernancke_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernancke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His doctoral dissertation at the University of Chicago studied empirical factors of demand within the automotive industry.<sup id="cite_ref-princeton.edu_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-princeton.edu-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chow has written extensively on the economies of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and China, and has served as an advisor to those regions.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernancke_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernancke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chow has also made important contributions in China's economics education. While every econometrics student learns the “Chow test”, Chow is actually more famous in China for another Chow test—an elaborate testing system designed by him in the mid-1980s to select top Chinese college students from all over China and bring them to the US to pursue graduate studies in economics. Today, over a hundred "Chow fellows" are active in the economics field, many have returned to China, and become accomplished academics, top policy makers, and prominent business leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_publications">Selected publications</h2></div>

<ul><li><i>Analysis and Control of Dynamic Economic Systems</i> New York: John Wiley, 1975. Econometrics New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983.</li>

<li><i>The Chinese Economy</i> New York: Harper and Row, 1985; second ed., Singapore: World Scientific, 1987.</li>

<li><i>Dynamic Economics: Optimization by the Lagrange Method</i> New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.</li>

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</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b73eBQAAQBAJ"><i>China's Economic Transformation</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. 16 March 2015 [2002]. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-118-90995-9</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><i>Knowing China</i> Singapore: World Scientific, 2004.</li>

<li><i>Interpreting China's Economy</i> Singapore: World Scientific, 2010.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChow2014" class="citation book cs1">Chow, Gregory C. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/9107"><i>China's Economic and Social Problems</i></a>. World Scientific. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1142%2F9107">10.1142/9107</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-981-4590-40-2</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChow2015" class="citation book cs1">Chow, Gregory C. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/8397"><i>Economic Analysis of Environmental Problems</i></a>. World Scientific. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1142%2F8397">10.1142/8397</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-981-4397-51-3</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wise.xmu.edu.cn/english/people/coac/">"Committee of Academic Consultants"</a>. Wise.xmu.edu.cn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-17</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chow, Gregory (2010) "Important Lessons From Studying the Chinese Economy" <i>Singapore Economic Review</i>, 55 (3), 419-434</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Bernancke-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernancke_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernancke_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernancke_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernancke_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernancke_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernancke_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="Ben_Bernanke" title="Ben Bernanke">Ben Bernanke</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.princeton.edu/~gchow/#Biography">http://www.princeton.edu/~gchow/#Biography</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econ.sinica.edu.tw/english/content/researcher/contents/2013093010102621992/?MSID=2013092920200217523">"Gregory C. Chow -INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS, ACADEMIA SINICA"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm">View/Search Fellows of the ASA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616161612/https://www.amstat.org/awards/fellowslist.cfm">Archived</a> 2016-06-16 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed 2016-08-20.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-princeton.edu-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-princeton.edu_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-princeton.edu_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princeton.edu/~gchow/">"Professor Gregory Chow"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Gregory+C.+Chow&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced">"APS Member History"</a>. <i>search.amphilsoc.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-07</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aeaweb.org/about-aea/honors-awards/distinguished-fellows/gregory-chow">"American Economic Association"</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/e/pch123.html">Gregory Chow</a> at IDEAS</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.princeton.edu/~gchow/">MIT Press: Professor Gregory Chow</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120055937/http://ice.xmu.edu.cn/english/showletter.aspx?news_id=2650">Professor Gregory Chow: Econometrician</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.princeton.edu/~gchow/">Professor Gregory Chow's Princeton Web Page</a></li></ul>

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